Tag Archives: WWII

Fragments of WWII estate revealed

Our recent work cleared cherry laurel that had fallen over and begun colonising the solid concrete base of a Nissen Hut. There are many of these still surviving throughout the woods on the main ‘circuit’ of paths framing the wide lawns around the house, but many more, fortunately, that have been entirely removed.
 
There were three military camps at Kings Weston during WWII, the remains visible on the main paths being part of the British Army’s works. Unlike the later American camps, Sea Mills Camp A and B on the golf course, the British huts were integrated into the historic landscape with sensitivity, preserving historic trees and aligning along the established parkland avenues and paths.

The concrete base of a WWII Nissen hut revealed beneath the recently felled cherry laurel. The entrance is on the right with its own porch structure. Further onto base the brick plinths for stoves can be seen. 

With the secrecy originally required in constructing these military establishments it’s difficult to uncover how they were used and who was stationed there. Different services and divisions appear to have come and gone at different stages of the war.
 
The concrete base gives a little away regarding its use. It had an enclosing porch or blast wall protecting its entrance adjacent to the main path. A few features survive embedded in the floor. These include two brick plinths, one immediately in front of the visitor on entering, and eh other more centrally located beyond it. These, it is assumed, were hearths or the bases of stoves to heat the building. There appears to have been a cinder-block wall separating the entrance of the building from the inside, but much has been erased here. Along each of the long sides of the hut base are regular raised portions of concrete; these are less easy to interpret, but may have been where the steel arched frame sections attached to the base; on top of these would have been laid the familiar corrugated iron sheeting.

A 1946 aerial photo of the Kings Weston estate with Nissen Huts highlighted. The base recently uncovered is marked with an X. 

The use of the building remains unknown, but it may well have been a dorm block where beds would have been aligned along either side, the stoves offering much-needed warmth in the winter.
 


More WWII finds have recently been donated to us by the owners of Wood Lodge, Penpole Lane. Picked out of the ground during gardening work, a large number of shards of crockery have been unearthed over the last few years. Otherwise anonymous white china pieces are given an interesting historic dimension through the printed makers mark identifying their NAAFI use and a series of helpful dates. The Navy, Army, and Air Force Institute provided canteen and entertainment services for troops during WWII. These fragments were, no doubt, discarded after breakages during the war and thrown aside. The dates are spread through just three years between 1942 and 1944, giving a helpful insight on the use of the estate in the years running up to D-Day.

The most interesting fragments of broken crockery carry dates and other marks. The spread is between 1942 and 1944. 


A pleasure in Ruins

After the war, the declining condition of house and grounds at Kings Weston was the source of national concern. In fact, the architectural history of Bristol in particular was brought into sharp focus by wartime losses. The author Simon Harcourt-Smith clearly had a spirit inclined towards the romantic lure of the ruin, indeed, his own book “The last of Uptake” is an atmospheric story about the last days of a great mansion in decline, and its ultimate fall. Fortunately, unlike so many country houses, Kings Weston survived the decline many estates suffered in the three decades or so from the 1930s onwards, but only just.
 
Harcourt-Smith visited Bristol in October 1946 and wrote a lyrical piece for the high-society magazine The Tatler and Bystander  that included his great admiration for Kings Weston even in it’s war-worn state. It’s worth recounting here as a   

“How strange it is that Vanbrugh, who made his name as a writer of successful comedies, should have created an architecture which thrives in tragic circumstances. We can thank Providence that neither Blenheim nor Kimbolton nor Grimsthorpe have yet fallen into ruin. But ruin seems to be the proper mood of a Vanbrugh palace. I cannot believe Seaton Delavel was ever as moving in the days of its beautiful crazy owners as it is today, with the miners’ cottages creeping up the drive, and doves cooing among the Caesars in their alcoves, and a great purple cloud coming up out of the North Sea. I suspect that Castle Howard may have gained in drama from its fire; certainly Eastbury for Bubb Doddington now a mere fragment of a great house which should stir even a blind heart.”

A jolly sketch, but jolly inaccurate, accompanying Simon Harcourt-Smiths article. One that perhaps evokes rather than records the impression of army huts in the park. 

“And now King’s Weston turned into a school, then befouled by the military during the recent war: dormitories in the garden, an outer defilement of Nissen huts round the park, the servants’ quarters pulled down and littered on the terrace, the mantelpieces gone from the great saloons, temples chocked with old litter. Here is but a skeleton of grandeur; but for that very reason it makes one see as never before how great a genius Vanbrugh was. This is an idiom entirely personal and in heroic strains. Gaze at one of his slender, elongated arches. It is unlike anything else in our architecture. Wren may be a perfect artist, but one feels him to be the conventional man raised to the height of the angels. Vanbrugh’s art, never perfect, needs no elevation to the clouds. For it began there. . . . “

The RAF at Kings Weston

During WWII Kings Weston house was requisitioned from the trustees of Bristol Municipal Charities by the Government. It’s been difficult to establish exactly what was happening at this time, both in the parkland and particularly in the mansion itself. With the obvious need for secrecy at the time there are scant records of what was going on. The concrete bases of Nissan huts along the South Walk remain the most tangible reminder of wartime use, but occasionally things turn up that add more to our knowledge; Such a new addition appeared just recently.  

Front and inside of the 1944 RAF Christmas card from Kings Weston house. 
Evidence that the Navy Sea Transport Office were using the mansion in 1941

A Christmas Card, of all things, now established the RAF at Kings Weston. An odd thing to find during wartime privations, the card includes the embossed crest and motto, “”through adversity to the stars”, on the front with stylised blue sky and clouds as a background. The inside includes the printed address of the RAF and Kingsweston House, Shirehampton and helpfully the date 1944, towards the end of the war.
 
Whilst a lovely find, this adds further confusion to how the house was being used. We’ve already found evidence of Navy officers and the army working here, but this adds another service! If anyone can shed light on what was happening here we would welcome it.

Army troops lined up on the front steps of Kings Weston during WWII. Note how the windows were protected. 


The Home Guard at Penpole Lodge

Another foray into the Bristol Archives has uncovered a new photo. The image shows the Home Guard in an official photograph, lined up at Penpole Point close to the end of the Second World War in 1944. These men were part of “C” Company of the 14th Battalion of the Home Guard.

The Home Guard at Penpole Point in 1944. Part of the Ethel Thomas Collection at Bristol Archives. 
The ruinous condition of Penpole Lodge in about 1950

During the war the Home guard used Penpole Woods and the Home Park at Kings Weston, at that time the District Scout Camp, for training purposes. In 1940 they even requisitioned the tower of Penpole Lodge. The Scouts, who still owned the building observed “some concern the activities of the home guard when they took over the tower” and their site warden recalls in his diary of the time that “In the autumn of this year  the Home Guard, or the LDV’s as they were then called, took over the tower as an observation post. They stayed until the Spring. Poor old tower – it bears its scars from friend and foe now. Still we won’t say too much about that; but it’s another job to be attended to after the war.” The journal now also forms part of the Bristol Archives collection.  

It is not clear exactly what damage the Home Guard might have inflicted on the tower, but this, and further vandalism by “Local toughs” in the years following the war, led to the building being ruinous by the 1950s.  

The Home Guard trained in the woodland and camouflage skills were practiced amongst the trees and undergrowth. The warden’s journal for the war years includes some humorous sketches of their activities!  

Humorous sketches abound in MR W Webber’s journal of the Scout’s district campsite (Bristol Archives ref: 45305/1)